Covert variations of a musician's loudness during collective improvisation capture other musicians' attention and impact their interactions.

While research on auditory attention in complex acoustical environment is a thriving field, experimental studies thus far have typically treated participants as passive listeners. The present study-which combined real-time covert loudness manipulations and online probe detection-investigates for the first time to our knowledge, the effects of acoustic salience on auditory attention during live interactions, using musical improvisation as an experimental paradigm. We found that musicians were more likely to pay attention to a given co-performer when this performer was made sounding louder or softer; that such salient effect was not owing to the local variations introduced by our manipulations but rather likely to be driven by the more long-term context; and that improvisers tended to be more strongly and more stably coupled when a musician was made more salient.

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity of aqueous extracts of Citrus sinensis and Lippia alba : interactions and potential for the development of antithrombotics.

Citrus sinensis and Lippia alba are herbal medicines widely used in the form of tea (infusion, decoction), which ethanolic extracts have already shown great anticoagulant activity in vitro . For this reason, they seem to be excellent candidates for the development of new antithrombotics and also have the potential to interact with them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous extracts in blood coagulation and platelet aggregation, in addition to analysing the micromolecular composition of these species.

Antithrombotic potential of Lippia alba: A mechanistic approach.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.

p-Aminobenzamidine attenuates cardiovascular dysfunctions in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Aims: Diminazene aceturate, a putative ACE2 activator, is susceptible to cleavage resulting in the formation of p-aminobenzamidine (PAB). This study aimed to investigate the effects of PAB in addressing cardiovascular dysfunctions in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Main Methods: Acute effects of PAB on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and aortic (AVC) and mesenteric vascular conductance (MVC) were evaluated in anesthetized SHR.

Evaluation of mesalazine polymeric conjugate in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats.

Purpose: The present study aimed at testing a new formulation of mesalazine linked to chondroitin sulfate and its components alone in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats.

Methods: Forty-seven female Wistar rats were submitted to pelvic radiation and divided into eight groups: control A, mesalazine A, chondroitin A, and conjugate A, gavage of the according substance two weeks after irradiation and sacrifice three weeks after oral treatment; control C, mesalazine C, chondroitin C, and conjugate C, sacrifice six weeks after oral treatment. The rectum was submitted to histological characterization for each of the findings: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial degeneration, mucosal necrosis, and fibrosis.