Enhanced Interleukin 6 Trans-Signaling Modulates Disease Process in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Models.

Charcot first described ALS in 1869, but the specific mechanisms that mediate the disease pathology are still not clear. Intense research efforts have provided insight into unique neuroanatomical regions, specific neuronal populations and genetic associations for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases; however, the experimental results also suggest a convergence of these events to common toxic pathways. We propose that common toxic pathways can be therapeutically targeted, and this intervention will be effective in slowing progression and improving patient quality of life.

Immunogenicity and Safety of AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Influenza Vaccine in Adults (18-64 and ≥65 Years): A Phase 1/2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Influenza A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) virus poses a pandemic risk owing to its evolving nature. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccine in adults (18-64 years [younger] and ≥65 years [older]).

Methods: Participants (younger, n = 418; older, n = 420) were randomized to receive one of six adjuvanted vaccines (hemagglutinin [1.

A combination of long- and short-read genomics reveals frequent p-arm breakpoints within chromosome 21 complex genomic rearrangements.

Purpose: Although chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome, it is highly relevant in the pathogenicity of both cancer and congenital diseases, including Alzheimer disease and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). In addition, cases with rare structural variants (SVs) of chromosome 21 have been reported. These events vary in size and include large chromosomal events, such as ring chromosomes and small partial aneuploidies.

Type 1 Immune Responses Related to Viral Infection Influence Corticosteroid Response in Asthma.

Rationale: Corticosteroid-responsive type 2 (T2) inflammation underlies the T2-high asthma endotype. However, we hypothesized that type 1 (T1) inflammation, possibly related to viral infection, may also influence corticosteroid response.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and within-patient variability of T1-high, T2-high, and T1/T2-high asthma endotypes and whether virally influenced T1-high disease influences corticosteroid response in asthma.

Development of an asthma health-care burden score as a measure of severity and predictor of remission in SARP III and U-BIOPRED: results from two major longitudinal asthma cohorts.

Background: Current asthma guidelines, including those of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American Thoracic Society (ATS), suboptimally predict asthma remission, disease severity, and health-care utilisation. We aimed to establish a novel approach to assess asthma severity based on asthma health-care burden data.

Methods: We analysed prospectively collected data from the Severe Asthma Research Program III (SARP III; USA) and the European Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED; 11 European countries) to calculate a composite burden score based on asthma exacerbations and health-care utilisation, which was modified to include the use of short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) to reflect asthma symptom burden.