Recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research (COSTER).

Background: There are several standards that offer explicit guidance on good practice in systematic reviews (SRs) for the medical sciences; however, no similarly comprehensive set of recommendations has been published for SRs that focus on human health risks posed by exposure to environmental challenges, chemical or otherwise.

Objectives: To develop an expert, cross-sector consensus view on a key set of recommended practices for the planning and conduct of SRs in the environmental health sciences.

Methods: A draft set of recommendations was derived from two existing standards for SRs in biomedicine and developed in a consensus process, which engaged international participation from government, industry, non-government organisations, and academia.

Methodology for health risk assessment of combined exposures to multiple chemicals.

Focus on risks to human health and the environment from combined exposure to multiple chemicals ("mixture risk assessment") has increased in the last couple of decades. There has been a rise in awareness and concern in the community, especially concerning unintentional environmental exposure to unknown chemical mixtures. The Horizon 2020 project EuroMix has developed methodologies and tools for mixture risk assessment with a focus on component-based approach where substances are grouped based on toxicological considerations.

Assessment of the endocrine disrupting properties of Bisphenol AF according to the EU criteria and ECHA/EFSA guidance.

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds that interfere with the hormone system, affecting human health and environment. Specific legislative obligations have been introduced in the European Union (EU) to gradually eliminate EDs in water, industrial chemicals and pesticides. However, identification of EDs is the first and essential step towards regulation and appropriate risk management.

Histopathological features of the proper gastric glands in FVB/N-background mice carrying constitutively-active aryl-hydrocarbon receptor.

Background: Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a multiple ligand-activated transcription factor that has important roles in xenobiotic, physiological, or pathological functions. Transgenic mice systemically expressing constitutively-active AhR (CA-AhR) have been created to mimic activated AhR signaling in vivo. However, their detailed histopathological features are unclear.