Effect of lactoferrin in oral nutrition supplement (ONS) towards IL-6 and IL-10 in failure to thrive children with infection.

Background: Growth failure due to infection in children is a major health problem throughout the world. It provokes a systemic immune response, with increased interleukin (IL)-6 and reduced IL-10. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional iron-binding protein that can be found in whey protein inside formula milk such as oral nutrition supplement (ONS), which is able to upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Exploring the beliefs of caregivers about the caregiving experiences of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Malaysia.

Background: Cancer is one of the major leading causes of childhood death, and the most common type is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The survival rate has increased in recent years; however, the long patient trajectory may trigger psychological distress among caregivers as they play an active role in ensuring that the child's basic needs are met. Being in a patient-focused system, the needs of caregivers may be neglected.

A Real-Time Heart Rate Signal Detection using an Electronic Stethoscope with Labview.

Better accurate stethoscope measurements have been needed to diagnose heart problems earlier, monitor patients, and provide initial clinical data for physicians. This study aims to evaluate an electronic stethoscope for automatic identification of heart rate by monitoring Beats Per Minute (BPM) in real-time. In this work, a new design with a low cost electronic stethoscope is designed and implemented as a simple circuit for a replacement with conventional stethoscopes.

Parental reports of behavioural outcome among paediatric leukaemia survivors in Malaysia: a single institution experience.

Objectives: To determine the behavioural impact of chemotherapy in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy only and to identify treatment-related or sociodemography-related factors that might be associated with behavioural outcome.

Methods: We examined 57 survivors of childhood ALL, who were off treatment for at least 2 years and were in remission, aged 4-18 years, and 221 unrelated healthy controls. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) parent report was used either in English or in Bahasa Malaysia (the national language of Malaysia) to assess the behavioural outcome.

The Prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in β-thalassaemia patient treated with Desferrioxamine.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in β-thalassaemia patients treated with Desferrioxamine (DFO) and determine the correlation of SNHL with average daily DFO dosage, serum ferritin level and Therapeutic index (T.I).

Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out for a period of 14 months and 54 patients were recruited.