Understanding ammonia's role in mitigating concentration polarization in anion-exchange membrane electrodialysis.

In processes such as electrodialysis, the applied electrical potential is constrained by concentration polarization at the membrane/solution interface. This polarization, which intensifies at higher current densities, impedes ion transport efficiency and may lead to problems such as salt precipitation, membrane degradation, and increased energy consumption. Therefore, understanding concentration polarization is essential for enhancing membrane performance, improving efficiency, and reducing operational costs.

Kaposi Sarcoma Involving Kidney Allografts: A Report of Two Cases From Qatar and Literature Review.

Immunosuppression in kidney transplantation elevates the risk of malignancies, particularly immune-driven and virus-related cancers like Kaposi sarcoma (KS). KS typically manifests as single or multiple skin lesions following kidney transplantation but can also affect other organs. Involvement of the kidney allograft by KS is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases documented.

Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation of Quinazolin-4(3)-Ones Bearing Urea Functionality as Potential VEGFR-2 Inhibitors.

Background: In response to the urgent need for continuous discovery of new anti-proliferative agents, a new series of quinazoline compounds was prepared.

Methods: As a reference, four cancer cell lines-HCT116, HePG2, Hela, and MCF-7-and sorafenib (SOR) were used to assess the novel motifs' in vitro anticancer efficacy. The most cytotoxic compounds were tested in a VEGFR-2 suppressive test and flow cytometric test.

Harnessing potential COX-2 engagement for boosting anticancer activity of substituted 2-mercapto-4(3H)-quinazolinones with promising EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities.

We designed and synthesized new quinazolinone-tethered phenyl thiourea/thiadiazole derivatives 4-26. Based on their structural characteristics, these compounds were proposed to have a multi-target mode of action for their anticancer activities. Using the MTT assay method, antiproliferative effects were assessed against three human cancer cell lines (HEPG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116).