Observations at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths offer a complementary perspective on our Sun and other stars, offering significant insights into both the thermal and magnetic composition of their chromospheres. Despite the fundamental progress in (sub-)millimeter observations of the Sun, some important aspects require diagnostic capabilities that are not offered by existing observatories. In particular, simultaneously observations of the radiation continuum across an extended frequency range would facilitate the mapping of different layers and thus ultimately the 3D structure of the solar atmosphere.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnowledge of remaining battery charge is fundamental to electric vehicle deployment. Accurate measurements of state-of-charge (SOC) cannot be obtained directly and estimation methods must be used instead. This requires both a good model of a battery and a well-designed state estimator.
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