The Effect of Persistent Heavy Metal Exposure on Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation of the Freshwater snail, Lymnaea natalensis.

This study investigated the effect of persistent heavy metal exposure on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of the freshwater snail, Lymnaea natalensis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. The snails were exposed to cadmium, copper, lead and mercury for a total of 28 days at 0.

Peanut butter increases the bioavailability and bioconversion of kale β-carotene to vitamin A.

Background And Objectives: Kale is a rich source of provitamin A- β-carotene. This study used intrinsically labeled kale [2H9] β-carotene to determine the effect of peanut butter on the bioconversion of kale β-carotene to vitamin A in preschool children.

Methods And Study Design: Preschool children (n=37; age 12-36 mo) were randomly assigned to 50 g cooked kale (1.

Yellow maize with high β-carotene is an effective source of vitamin A in healthy Zimbabwean men.

Background: The bioconversion efficiency of yellow maize β-carotene to retinol in humans is unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the vitamin A value of yellow maize β-carotene in humans.

Design: High β-carotene-containing yellow maize was grown in a hydroponic medium with 23 atom% (2)H(2)O during grain development.

A comparison of metal levels and antioxidant enzymes in freshwater snails, Lymnaea natalensis, exposed to sediment and water collected from Wright Dam and Lower Mguza Dam, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

We compared the bioaccumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) with antioxidant enzyme activity in tissues of the snails, Lymnaea natalensis, exposed to elements of two differently polluted dams. 45 snails were exposed to sediment and water collected from Wight Dam (reference) whilst another 45 snails were also exposed to sediment and water collected from Lower Mguza Dam (polluted dam). Except for Fe in sediment and Pb in water, metal concentrations were statistically higher in sediment and water collected from Lower Mguza Dam.

Metal accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in C. gariepinus, catfish, and O. mossambicus, tilapia, collected from Lower Mguza and Wright Dams, Zimbabwe.

The aim of this study was to measure antioxidant enzyme activities as biological indicators of pollution in tissues of two species of fish. Five Clarius gariepinus and three Oreochromis mossambicus were collected from Umguza Dam (polluted dam) whilst seven C. gariepinus and eight O.