Oral health care knowledge among Phenylketonuria patients in the Latvian population.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism that results from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Patients with PKU rely on amino acid mixtures and low-protein diets, which often exhibit an acidic nature and pose various challenges to oral health. The objective of the study was to evaluate oral care habits of PKU patients in Latvia and the impact of the recommendations developed on improving oral care.

Why has farming in Europe changed? A farmers' perspective on the development since the 1960s.

Unlabelled: Farming in Europe has been the scene of several important socio-economic and environmental developments and crises throughout the last century. Therefore, an understanding of the historical driving forces of farm change helps identifying potentials for navigating future pathways of agricultural development. However, long-term driving forces have so far been studied, e.

Farmer surveys in Europe suggest that specialized, intensive farms were more likely to perceive negative impacts from COVID-19.

Unlabelled: It has been shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some agricultural systems more than others, and even within geographic regions, not all farms were affected to the same extent. To build resilience of agricultural systems to future shocks, it is key to understand which farms were affected and why. In this study, we examined farmers' perceived robustness to COVID-19, a key resilience capacity.

Making sense of breaks in landscape change.

Context: The paper studies the possibilities of how the cultural explosion theory and path dependence approach could be used for exploring landscape (change). The former is an approach (not theory) used in humanities and social sciences to study the processes that happen when culture changes rapidly-how new cultural processes are created and how the past ones are integrated or forgotten. The latter is an approach developed also in social sciences, mostly economy, to study how the current decisions are dependent on the past decisions.

Association of Variants in the , and Genes with Wilson Disease Symptoms in Latvia.

Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder, caused by allelic variants in the gene. Wilson's disease can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms, increased copper and decreased cerulopasmin levels, which could all also be by other genetic variants beyond the gene, ., disturbed ceruloplasmin biosynthesis can be caused by pathogenic allelic variants of the gene.