Human enteric glia diversity in health and disease: new avenues for the treatment of Hirschsprung disease.

Background And Aims: The enteric nervous system (ENS), comprised of neurons and glia, regulates intestinal motility. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) results from defects in ENS formation, yet while neuronal aspects have been extensively studied, enteric glia remain disregarded. This study aimed to explore enteric glia diversity in health and disease.

Identification and Structural Elucidation of Acylsugars in Tomato Leaves Using Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-IM-MS/MS).

Leaves of tomato plants contain various glandular trichomes that produce a wide range of metabolic products including acylsugars, which may serve as a defense mechanism against various insect pests. Acylsugars exhibit significant structural diversity, differing in their sugar cores, acylated positions, and type of acyl chains. This work demonstrated a comprehensive approach using multidimensional separation techniques, specifically liquid chromatography-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS/MS), for structural characterization, and the discrimination of different tomato plants (one cultivar and five accessions) was demonstrated using tomato leaf extracts; six genotypes from five species of were represented.

Vaccines for immunological defense against traumatic brain injury.

Unlabelled: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent neurodegeneration is partially driven by chronic inflammation both locally and systemically. Yet, current clinical intervention strategies do not mitigate inflammation sequalae necessitating the development of innovative approaches to reduce inflammation and minimize deleterious effects of TBI. Herein, a subcutaneous formulation based on polymer of alpha-ketoglutarate (paKG) delivering glycolytic inhibitor PFK15 (PFKFB3 inhibitor, a rate limiting step in glycolysis), alpha-ketoglutarate (to fuel Krebs cycle) and peptide antigen from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP139-151) was utilized as the prophylactic immunosuppressive formulation in a mouse model of TBI.

Advance Directives to Manage Fears and Anxieties of Transgender People via Dementia Planning.

As increasing proportions of our global population age, transgender people are experiencing higher rates of dementia, and many are afraid to enter long-term care. Structural interventions such as advance directives may help mitigate fears around entering long-term care by managing specific anxieties that transgender people may have about dementia, loss of decision-making capacity, and discrimination in long-term care settings.

Randomized controlled trial of computerized working memory training for Veterans with PTSD.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition among Veterans that is associated with deficits across a range of neuropsychological domains including working memory. While gold-standard psychosocial treatments are highly effective, there still remains a high rate of individuals who do not engage with or fully benefit from them. Cognitive training targeting specific working memory deficits in PTSD presents an alternative treatment approach that has shown promise for reducing re-experiencing symptoms.