Microbiological aetiology of paediatric respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan.

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Aetiologic virus and bacteria vary geographically. To date, no systematic data on RTI aetiologies have been published from Kyrgyzstan, a country with a high under-five mortality from lower RTIs and a widespread overuse of antibiotics.

Serum Collagen Biomarkers Are Reflective of Tissue Specific Fibroblasts Associated With Ulcerative Colitis Activity and Treatment Response to Ustekinumab.

Background: There is a need to identify peripheral biomarkers reflective of defined disease associated fibroblasts in Ulcerative Colitis (UC), with the aim of enabling clinical development approaches for novel-stromal-targeted therapeutics for individuals at risk for fibrostenotic complications. Additionally, longitudinal non-invasive biomarkers of tissue remodelling, fibroblast biology and pharmacodynamic measurements are needed in the clinic to facilitate risk stratification.

Aim: To identify novel blood protein biomarkers associated with defined fibroblast subsets, tissue remodelling and treatment response/non-response in UC.

Large range sizes link fast life histories with high species richness across wet tropical tree floras.

Understanding how the traits of lineages are related to diversification is key for elucidating the origin of variation in species richness. Here, we test whether traits are related to species richness among lineages of trees from all major biogeographical settings of the lowland wet tropics. We explore whether variation in mortality rate, breeding system and maximum diameter are related to species richness, either directly or via associations with range size, among 463 genera that contain wet tropical forest trees.

Cardiometabolic Health Effects of Air Pollution, Noise, Green Space, and Socioeconomic Status: The HERMES Study.

Introduction: We conducted the HERMES study to address the role of source-specific air pollution and the independent effects of air pollution, noise, and green space as well as the identification of susceptible subgroups defined by sociodemographic characteristics, stress conditions, and comorbidity in relation to cardiometabolic health. We studied three cohorts, a chemistry transport model (CTM) system, a noise model, a high-resolution land use map, and Danish registries on health and sociodemographic variables at individual and small-area levels.

Methods: Using Danish registries we defined a cohort of about 2 million persons living in Denmark.

C-reactive protein testing in primary care and antibiotic use in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan: an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Addressing the global antibacterial resistance crisis and aligning with the Kyrgyz Ministry of Health's research priorities, this study assesses the efficacy and safety of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing to guide antibiotic prescriptions in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Kyrgyzstan.

Methods: In this open label individually randomised controlled trial, children aged 6 months to 12 years with ARTI in primary care settings were assigned to receive either standard care or standard care plus CRP testing. The study measured two primary outcomes: total antibiotic usage over a 14-day follow-up and caregiver-reported time to recovery.