The Differential Warming Response of Britain's Rivers (1982-2011).

River water temperature is a hydrological feature primarily controlled by topographical, meteorological, climatological, and anthropogenic factors. For Britain, the study of freshwater temperatures has focussed mainly on observations made in England and Wales; similar comprehensive data sets for Scotland are currently unavailable. Here we present a model for the whole of mainland Britain over three recent decades (1982-2011) that incorporates geographical extrapolation to Scotland.

Epidemics and control strategies for diseases of farmed salmonids: a parameter study.

The susceptibility of the English and Welsh fish farming and fisheries industry to emergent diseases is assessed using a stochastic simulation model. The model dynamics operate on a network comprising directed transport and river contacts, as well as undirected local and fomite transmissions. The directed connections cause outward transmission risk to be geographically more confined than inward risk.

Determination of amines in the presence of excess ammonia by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A new method for the simultaneous determination of several amines in the presence of an excess of ammonia by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry detection was developed. Current methods using ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection are not selective enough to determine small amines at the required level of 10 microg/L or preferably lower in the presence of a large excess of ammonia (approximately 1 mg/L) without resorting to time-consuming sample pre-treatment techniques. By using mass spectrometric detection, which is capable of resolving eluting compounds on their m/z values, an additional dimension of confirmation is added to the analysis.

Preventable H5N1 avian influenza epidemics in the British poultry industry network exhibit characteristic scales.

Epidemics are frequently simulated on redundantly wired contact networks, which have many more links between sites than are minimally required to connect all. Consequently, the modelled pathogen can travel numerous alternative routes, complicating effective containment strategies. These networks have moreover been found to exhibit 'scale-free' properties and percolation, suggesting resilience to damage.