Next-generation cancer vaccines and emerging immunotherapy combinations.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been a subject of research for several decades as potential new weapons to tackle malignancies. Their goal is to induce a long-lasting and efficient antitumour-directed immune response, capable of mediating tumour regression, preventing tumour progression, and eradicating minimal residual disease, while avoiding major adverse effects. Development of new vaccine technologies and antigen prediction methods has led to significant improvements in cancer vaccine efficacy.

Metabolism of the 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor, Mesotrione, in Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Palmer amaranth ().

Metabolic resistance to the maize-selective, HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, mesotrione, occurs via Phase I ring hydroxylation in resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth; however, mesotrione detoxification pathways post-Phase I are unknown. This research aims to (1) evaluate Palmer amaranth populations for mesotrione resistance via survivorship, foliar injury, and aboveground biomass, (2) determine mesotrione metabolism rates in Palmer amaranth populations during a time course, and (3) identify mesotrione metabolites including and beyond Phase I oxidation. The Palmer amaranth populations, SYNR1 and SYNR2, exhibited higher survival rates (100%), aboveground biomass (c.

Chiral Anomaly and Dynamos from Inhomogeneous Chemical Potential Fluctuations.

In the standard model of particle physics, the chiral anomaly can occur in relativistic plasmas and plays a role in the early Universe, protoneutron stars, heavy-ion collisions, and quantum materials. It gives rise to a magnetic instability if the number densities of left- and right-handed electrically charged fermions are unequal. Using direct numerical simulations, we show this can result just from spatial fluctuations of the chemical potential, causing a chiral dynamo instability, magnetically driven turbulence, and ultimately a large-scale magnetic field through the magnetic α effect.

Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 promotes Merkel cell carcinoma growth by activating downstream mTOR-mitochondrial ROS signaling.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer. Inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint have improved MCC patient outcomes by boosting antitumor T cell immunity. Here, we identify PD-1 as a growth-promoting receptor intrinsic to MCC cells.

Changes in enterovirus epidemiology after easing of lockdown measures.

Introduction: Public health measures aimed at controlling transmission of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as "lockdown" measures, had profound effects on circulation of non-SARS viruses, many of which decreased to very low levels.  The interrupted transmission of these viruses may have lasting effects. Some of the influenza clades seem to have disappeared during this period, a phenomenon which is described as a "funnel effect".