Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of aqua-bis-(4,4'-dimeth-oxy-2,2'-bi-pyridine)[μ-(2,3)-tartrato(4-)]dicopper(II) octa-hydrate.

Typical electroless copper baths (ECBs), which are used to chemically deposit copper on printed circuit boards, consist of an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution, a copper(II) salt, formaldehyde as reducing agent, an l-(+)-tartrate as complexing agent, and a 2,2'-bi-pyridine derivative as stabilizer. Actual speciation and reactivity are, however, largely unknown. Herein, we report on the synthesis and crystal structure of aqua-1κ-bis-(4,4'-dimeth-oxy-2,2'-bi-pyri-dine)-1κ ,;2κ ,-[μ-(2,3)-2,3-dioxidosuccinato-1κ , :2κ , ]dicopper(II) octa-hydrate, [Cu(CHNO)(CHO)(HO)]·8HO, from an ECB mock-up.

O-O Bond Formation and Liberation of Dioxygen Mediated by N -Coordinate Non-Heme Iron(IV) Complexes.

Formation of the O-O bond is considered the critical step in oxidative water cleavage to produce dioxygen. High-valent metal complexes with terminal oxo (oxido) ligands are commonly regarded as instrumental for oxygen evolution, but direct experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, we describe the formation of the O-O bond in solution, from non-heme, N -coordinate oxoiron(IV) species.

Genetic repertoires of anaerobic microbiomes driving generation of biogas.

Background: Biogas production is an attractive technology for a sustainable generation of renewable energy. Although the microbial community is fundamental for such production, the process control is still limited to technological and chemical parameters. Currently, most of the efforts on microbial management system (MiMaS) are focused on process-specific marker species and community dynamics, but a practical implementation is in its infancy.

Self-Assembly of Di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-benzoic Acid on Underpotentially Deposited Ag from Solution.

Monolayers of 4-(2,6-di(1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl)benzoic acid (DPP-BA) on Au substrates modified by an underpotential-deposited bilayer of Ag were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Highly crystalline layers are formed with molecules coordinatively bonding to the surface through the carboxylate moiety in a bidentate configuration. The molecules assemble to rows characterized by densely packed upright-orientated DPP units occupying an area of 41 Å.