ARL5 is a member of the ARF family of small GTPases that is recruited to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by another ARF-family member, ARFRP1, in complex with the transmembrane protein SYS1. ARL5 recruits its effector, the multisubunit tethering complex GARP, to promote SNARE-dependent fusion of endosome-derived retrograde transport carriers with the TGN. To further investigate the function of ARL5, we sought to identify additional effectors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsthmic thyroid nodules are more likely to be malignant and isthmic differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates less favorable behavior compared with lobar locations. The goal of this study was to assess molecular differences of thyroid nodules and carcinomas from the isthmus relative to the lobes. The Afirma thyroid nodule database ( = 177,227) was assessed for cytologic and molecular differences between isthmus and lobar nodules in this observational cohort study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: To determine the prevalence and risk of malignancy (ROM) in solid atypical mixed echogenicity thyroid nodules (SAMENs) with sonographic patterns not classifiable by the 2015 American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk Stratification System (NC ATA). : We searched our prospectively collected endocrine surgery thyroid nodule (TN) database, with particular attention to those solid nodules that were NC ATA. An algorithm assigned each into one of the five ATA risk groups per the 2015 American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk Stratification System (ATA USRSS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Rho GTPases pattern the cell cortex in a variety of fundamental cell-morphogenetic processes including division, wound repair, and locomotion. It has recently become apparent that this patterning arises from the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize into static and migrating spots, contractile pulses, and propagating waves in cells from yeasts to mammals . These self-organizing Rho GTPase patterns have been explained by a variety of theoretical models which require multiple interacting positive and negative feedback loops.
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