Publications by authors named "A Giacca"
Antipsychotic-Induced Dysregulation of Glucose Metabolism Through the Central Nervous System: A Scoping Review of Animal Models.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
October 2024
The use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with adverse metabolic effects. Disruptions in glucose metabolism such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance have been shown to occur with antipsychotic use, independent of changes in body weight or adiposity. The regulation of whole-body glucose metabolism is partly mediated by the central nervous system.
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- Restenosis after procedures to open blocked arteries is particularly problematic for people with insulin resistance and diabetes, and the effects of insulin on blood vessels are not fully understood.
- Insulin seems to help endothelial cells but can promote growth in vascular smooth muscle cells; previous research showed that insulin can reduce neointimal growth (the thickening of vessel walls) when the body responds well to insulin, but this effect disappears in insulin-resistant states.
- In experiments with mice, insulin only reduced neointimal growth in healthy insulin-sensitive scenarios, whereas in insulin-resistant situations, insulin had no impact on smooth muscle cells, indicating that specific insulin receptors on these cells are crucial for insulin's protective effects against restenosis.
In rats, cannulation of the jugular vein and the carotid artery precedes the use of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to determine insulin sensitivity in vivo. Here, we present a vascular surgery protocol to allow the infusion of substances via the vein and the collection of blood samples from the artery on the day of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. We describe steps for preparing for and performing catheterization surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the classical insulin target tissues of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin signaling. Insulin signaling molecules are also present in β-cells where they play a role in β-cell function. Therefore, inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway may be involved in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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- Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, may lead to metabolic issues and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, especially affecting the hypothalamus, which regulates metabolism.
- The study aimed to investigate the acute effects of olanzapine on gene expression and kinase activity in the hypothalamus of rats under controlled insulin and glucose levels.
- Results showed that olanzapine activated inflammatory pathways while reducing the body's ability to manage stress and G protein-coupled receptor functions, highlighting potential areas for reducing diabetes risk in patients on antipsychotic medication.