Halogenation and Nucleophilic Quenching: Two Routes to E-X Bond Formation in Cobalt Triple-Decker Complexes (E=As, P; X=F, Cl, Br, I).

The oxidation of [(Cp'''Co) (μ,η  : η -E ) ] (E=As (1), P (2); Cp'''=1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl) with halogens or halogen sources (I , PBr , PCl ) was investigated. For the arsenic derivative, the ionic compounds [(Cp'''Co) (μ,η  : η -As X)][Y] (X=I, Y=[As I ] (3 a), Y=[Co Cl I ] (n=0, 2, 4; 3 b); X=Br, Y=[Co Br ] (4); X=Cl, Y=[Co Cl ] (5)) were isolated. The oxidation of the phosphorus analogue 2 with bromine and chlorine sources yielded the ionic complexes [(Cp'''Co) (μ-PBr ) (μ-Br)][Co Br ] (6 a), [(Cp'''Co) (μ-PCl ) (μ-Cl)][Co Cl ] (6 b) and the neutral species [(Cp'''Co) (μ-PCl )(μ-PCl)(μ,η  : η -P Cl ] (7), respectively.

Halogenation of the Hexaphosphabenzene Complex [(Cp*Mo) (μ,η :η -P )]: Snapshots on the Reaction Progress.

The oxidation of [(Cp*Mo) (μ,η :η -P )] (1) with halogens or halogen sources was investigated. The iodination afforded the ionic complexes [(Cp*Mo) (μ,η :η -P )(μ,η :η :η :η -P I )][X] (X=I , I ) (2) and [(Cp*Mo) (μ,η :η -P )(μ-PI )][I ] (3), while the reaction with PBr led to the complexes [(Cp*Mo) (μ,η :η -P )(μ-Br) ][Cp*MoBr ] (4) [(Cp*MoBr) (μ,η :η -P )(μ,η -P Br )] (5) and [(Cp*Mo) (μ-PBr )(μ-PHBr)(μ-Br) ] (6). The reaction of 1 with the far stronger oxidizing agent PCl was followed via time- and temperature-dependent P{ H} NMR spectroscopy.

Halogenation of Diphosphorus Complexes.

A systematic study of diverse halogenation reactions of the tetrahedral MoP ligand complex [{CpMo(CO)}(μ,η:η-P)] () is reported. By reacting with different halogenating agents, a series of complexes such as [(CpMo)(μ-P)(μ-PI)(μ-I)(I)(I)] (), [{CpMo(CO)}(μ-PBr)] (), [{CpMo(CO)}(CpMoBr)(μ-PBr)] (), [{CpMo(CO)}(μ-PCl)] (), and [{CpMo(CO)}(CpMoCl)(μ-PCl)] () were obtained. Whereas the reaction of toward various bromine and chlorine sources leads to similar results, a different behavior is observed in the reaction with iodine in which is formed.

Cardiogenic shock elicits acute inflammation, delayed eosinophilia, and depletion of immune cells in most severe cases.

Patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) display systemic inflammation and a high rate of infections, suggesting important immune disturbances. To explore the immune response to CS, we prospectively measured, in 24 consecutive CS patients, differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and the cytokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-1 and eotaxin (CCL11), at Day 1 (T1), day 3 (T2) and day 6-8 (T3). Secondary infections and their influence on cytokines and WBCs were determined.

Intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine for pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic nebulization is a relatively novel approach to pain management after laparoscopic surgery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal ropivacaine nebulization on pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine 1% (3 ml) before surgical dissection and normal saline 3 ml at the end of surgery (preoperative nebulization group); intraperitoneal nebulization of normal saline 3 ml before surgical dissection and ropivacaine 1% (3 ml) at the end of surgery (postoperative nebulization group); or intraperitoneal nebulization of normal saline 3 ml before surgical dissection and at the end of surgery (placebo group).