A feedback control mechanism governs the synthesis of lipid-linked precursors of the bacterial cell wall.

Many bacterial surface glycans such as the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall, O-antigens, and capsules are built from monomeric units linked to a polyprenyl lipid carrier. How this limiting lipid carrier is effectively distributed among competing pathways has remained unclear for some time. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of hyperactive variants of MraY, the essential and conserved enzyme catalyzing the formation of the first lipid-linked PG precursor called lipid I.

Assessing the effect of cleansing products on artificially polluted human hairs and skin through in vivo and in vitro models.

Objective: Based on in vivo data, in vitro models and new methods are created to mimic the impact of aerial pollution onto the hair surface and assess the efficacy of different formulae prototypes.

Material And Methods: Two protocols are developed to mimic the pollution effect, in vitro, on purchased swatches, and in vivo, on scalps and forearms. First, with an artificial sebum mixed with Carbon Black particles, named "sebollution," we evaluated, through an instrumental color measurement, the cleansing efficacy of some shampoo on scalp and hair.

Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes.

Objective: To determine the ability of a cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes by direct aspiration of diluted packed red blood cells (pRBC) and saline rinse from blood-soaked surgical swabs.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Sample Population: Twelve recently expired units of canine pRBC.

Intraoperative cell salvaging: ex vivo evaluation of two swab-washing methods.

Objective: To compare erythrocyte recovery by a cell salvage device between swab-washing by manual agitation or filtration.

Sample: 12 recently expired units of canine packed RBCs.

Procedure: The packed RBC units underwent quality analysis before donation from a pet blood bank.

Subcutaneous vascular access port implantation in the axillary or femoral/external iliac vein at the time of full limb amputation in dogs.

Objective: To report outcomes and complications after placement of a subcutaneous vascular access port (SVAP) in the jugular (jSVAP), axillary (aSVAP), and femoral or external iliac vein (fSVAP) in dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Methods: Medical records from a single hospital, covering a period between September 2015 and October 2020, were reviewed to identify dogs that had an SVAP placed.