Structural and functional conservation of non-lumenized lymphatic endothelial cells in the mammalian leptomeninges.

The vertebrate CNS is surrounded by the meninges, a protective barrier comprised of the outer dura mater and the inner leptomeninges, which includes the arachnoid and pial layers. While the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels, no conventional lymphatics have been found within the brain or leptomeninges. However, non-lumenized cells called Brain/Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells or Fluorescent Granule Perithelial cells (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) that share a developmental program and gene expression with peripheral lymphatic vessels have been described in the meninges of zebrafish.

The Norwegian Voice Handicap Index (VHI-N) patient scores are dependent on voice-related disease group.

The aim of this study is to determine to what extent the Voice Handicap Index-Norwegian (VHI-N) is scored depending on specific laryngological disease. In a multi-center study, 126 healthy subjects and 355 patients with different voice-related diseases answered the VHI-N. The VHI-N scores showed high Cronbach's alpha.

Cross-cultural adaption and translation of the voice handicap index into Norwegian.

Aims: To examine the psychometric properties of a Norwegian translation of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and test its ability to discriminate between patients and controls. Abbreviated versions of VHI were also studied.

Method: Following standard translation, 126 healthy subjects and 126 patients with laryngeal disease answered the Norwegian translation of the VHI-30 [hereafter, VHI-30(N)].

Frequency analysis of air and skin temperature in neonates in servo-controlled incubators.

Objective: To test a new system designed for digital recording of skin and air temperature, thereby allowing analysis of cyclic changes in temperature in neonates in servo-controlled incubators.

Methods: Analysis of cyclic changes of serial skin and air temperature in asymptomatic infants in servo-controlled incubators adjusting heat output to the patient's temperature.

Results: In nine asymptomatic neonates ranging from 25 to 40 weeks of gestational age, analysis showed peaks of coherence (squared correlation) between skin and air temperature measurements at periods ranging between 1.

Gonorrhoea in a south London genitourinary medicine department.

The management and outcome of all cases of gonorrhoea which presented to a south London genitourinary medicine clinic during 1999 were assessed and compared with published national guidelines. The incidence of penicillin resistance was calculated, as was the rate of co-infection with chlamydia and trichomonas. Information regarding demographic data, microscopy, culture results, test of cure, antibiotic use, sensitivity and health adviser contact was examined.