Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate.

The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions.

Evidence blocks for effective presentation of genomic findings at molecular tumor boards: Single institution experience.

Genomic profiling, or molecular profiling of the tumor, is becoming a key component of therapeutic decision making in clinical oncology, and is typically carried out via next generation sequencing. However, the interpretation of the results and evaluation of rationale for targeting the uncovered alterations is challenging and requires a deep understanding of cancer biology, genetics, genomics and oncology. Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards represent a promising strategy in the facilitation of molecularly-informed therapeutic decisions, and usually consist of specialists with various fields of expertise.

Facile synthesis of diiodoheteroindenes and understanding their Sonogashira cross-coupling selectivity for the construction of unsymmetrical enediynes.

Electrophile-promoted cyclizations of functionalized alkynes offer a useful tool for constructing halogen-substituted heterocycles primed for further derivatization. Preinstallation of an iodo-substituent at the alkyne prior to iodo-cyclization opens access to di-iodinated heterocyclic precursors for the preparation of unsymmetrical heterocycle-fused enediynes. This general approach was used to prepare 2,3-diiodobenzothiophene, 2,3-diiodoindole, and 2,3-diiodobenzofuran, a useful family of substrates for systematic studies of the role of heteroatoms on the regioselectivity of cross-coupling reactions.

Tungsten Oxide Dispersed on Silica as Robust and Readily Available Oxo/Imido Heterometathesis Catalyst.

Continuing our investigation of catalytic oxo/imido heterometathesis as novel water-free method for C=N bond construction, we report here the application of classical transition metal oxides dispersed on silica (MO/SiO, M=V, Mo, W) as cheap, robust and readily available alternative to the catalysts prepared via Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC). The oxide materials demonstrated activity in heterometathetical imidation of ketones, WO/SiO being the most efficient. We also describe a new well-defined supported W imido complex (≡SiO)W(=NMes)(MePyr) (Mes=2,4,6-MeCH, MePyr=2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl) and characterize it with SOMC protocols, which allowed us to identify the position of W on the oxo/imido heterometathesis activity scale (Mo View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Readily available Ti-based catalytic system for oxo/imido heterometathesis.

We investigate Ti(NEt) supported on silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C as an easily accessible pre-catalyst for oxo/imido heterometathesis reactions. Being activated with TolNH, the supported Ti amide (SiO)Ti(NEt) (1) demonstrates catalytic activity in the imidation of ketones with -sulfinylamines comparable with the most active previously described well-defined imido catalyst (SiO)Ti(NBu)(MePyr)(py) (2) (MePyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl), which implies the formation of surface imido species in this system. The materials obtained treatment of 1 with anilines (TolNH (1a) and -MeOCHNH (1b)) were studied with IR, EA and H, C, N and 2D solid-state NMR, although the proposed imido intermediate has not been detected, pointing towards tris-amides (SiO)Ti(NHCHX) (X = Me, OMe) being the major surface species in the isolated materials 1a and 1b.