Stichopus chloronotus aqueous extract as a chondroprotective agent for human chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthitis articular cartilage in vitro.

Unlabelled: The proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases family (MMPs), inflammatory mediators PGE2, COX-2 and NO are the most important group of compounds responsible for the loss of metabolic homeostasis of articular cartilage by promoting catabolic and destructive processes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Stichopus chloronotus, a marine sea cucumber which is rich in n-3 PUFAs and phenolic compound, may exert a favorable influence on the course of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the regeneration and anti-inflammatory potential of S.

The potential role of herbal products in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder of the nervous system in which there is a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. There is a disturbance in the movement in PD and these include resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia or akinesia, disturbance, posture and freezing (motor block). The substantia nigra and other parts of the brain are commonly affected.

Anomalous structures of the liver: an anatomical insight.

Background And Aims: Anomalous structures of the liver are incidentally detected during autopsies or during routine cadaveric dissection. The present study aimed to observe the abnormal shapes of quadrate lobe, accessory sulci and ligamentum teres of the liver.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 formalin fixed cadaveric livers (n=20), irrespective of the sex, were taken for this study.

Higher division of the tibial nerve in the leg: gross anatomical study with clinical implications.

Background And Objectives: Tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and it is the main nerve innervating the muscles of the back of the leg. The tibial nerve divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves. The level of division may be important for surgical purpose.