Involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways in the induction of yawning and genital grooming by the aqueous extract of Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane) in rats.

Yawning, associated with genital grooming, is a physiological response that may be used for elucidating the mechanism of action of drugs. Preliminary analysis showed that aqueous extract (AE) of Saccharum induced yawns in rats. So, we aimed to quantify these behavioral responses and investigate the pharmacological mechanisms involved in these actions.

The modulatory role of M2 muscarinic receptor on apomorphine-induced yawning and genital grooming.

The interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways in the induction of behavioral responses has been previously established. In the brain, M2 receptors are found predominantly in presynaptic cholinergic neurons as autoreceptors, and in dopaminergic neurons as heteroceptors, suggesting a control role of acetylcholine and dopamine release, respectively. Our aim was to investigate the role of M2 receptors on the yawning and genital grooming of rats induced by apomorphine, a dopaminergic receptor agonist, focusing on the interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways.

Dual effects of hyperprolactinemia on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema in rats.

Objectives: The effects of short-term 5-day and long-term 30-day hyperprolactinemia induced by domperidone (1.7 mg/kg/day, s.c.

Police officers under attack: resilience implications of an fMRI study.

Objective: Crime is now a top-priority public-health issue in many urban areas. Sao Paulo's state police force was the target of gunfire attack on an unprecedented scale. Several officers were killed or wounded, and many more were affected by psychological trauma.

Behavioral changes in Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected by Toxocara canis larvae.

Toxocara canis is a common canine nematode parasite and one of its possible transmission mechanisms is the predation of infected rodents by canids. Fifty Rattus norvegicus were used to study behavioral alterations in rodents infected by T. canis larvae.