Late Pleistocene shell midden microstratigraphy indicates a complex history of human-environment interactions in the uplands of North Vietnam.

North Vietnam is situated on a major route of Pleistocene hominin dispersal in East Asia, and the area's karstic caves preserve many prehistoric shell middens. Fossil and genomic evidence suggest a complex human history in this region and more widely across Southeast Asia and southern China, but related archaeological investigations are hampered by challenging site stratigraphies. Recent investigations of shell middens in other geographical settings have revealed the microstratigraphic complexity of these anthropogenic deposits.

Genomes of Pleistocene Siberian Wolves Uncover Multiple Extinct Wolf Lineages.

Extant Canis lupus genetic diversity can be grouped into three phylogenetically distinct clades: Eurasian and American wolves and domestic dogs. Genetic studies have suggested these groups trace their origins to a wolf population that expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and replaced local wolf populations. Moreover, ancient genomes from the Yana basin and the Taimyr peninsula provided evidence of at least one extinct wolf lineage that dwelled in Siberia during the Pleistocene.

[A comparative study of sphingolipids in transplanted melanomas with high and low metastatic activity].

The content of sphingolipids in M3 and B16/F10 melanomas with a high metastatic potential and in Claudman's and B16/F1 melanomas with a low metastatic potential was studied. It was shown that the content of total lipid-bound sialic acids and ganglioside GM3 in melanomas with a high metastatic potential is considerably higher than that in melanomas with a low metastatic potential. On the other hand, the ceramide to glucosylceramide molar ratio is higher in melanomas with a low metastatic potential.

Sphingolipids in tumor metastases and angiogenesis.

This review article summarizes data on the involvement of sphingolipids (sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine-1-phosphocholine, neutral glycosphingolipids, and gangliosides) in tumor metastases and angiogenesis.