The Impact of COVID-19 in Reshaping Graduate Medical Education: Harnessing Hybrid Learning and Virtual Training.

Introduction  At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many graduate medical education (GME) programs switched from in-person to virtual training to ensure a safe learning environment. However, the preferences of US residents in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic are largely unknown. Objective The authors surveyed PGY-2 psychiatry residents about their perception of the pandemic's impact on their clinical skills, didactics experience, training preferences, and future career perceptions.

Tetramerization of STAT5 regulates monocyte differentiation and the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

In response to external stimuli during immune responses, monocytes can have multifaceted roles such as pathogen clearance and tissue repair. However, aberrant control of monocyte activation can result in chronic inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces monocyte differentiation into a heterogenous population of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages.

Complexity of changes in right ventricular morphology and function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery - 3D echocardiographic study.

Background: An impairment of standard echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular (RV) function is a known phenomenon in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but its significance remains unclear.

Aims: This study aimed to assess changes in RV function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using speckle tracking and 3D echocardiography.

Methods: The study population comprised 122 patients referred for cardiac surgery.

Tetramerization of STAT5 promotes autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation.

Signal tranducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) plays a critical role in mediating cellular responses following cytokine stimulation. STAT proteins critically signal via the formation of dimers, but additionally, STAT tetramers serve key biological roles, and we previously reported their importance in T and natural killer (NK) cell biology. However, the role of STAT5 tetramerization in autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation has not been investigated.

Contribution of HCN1 variant to sinus bradycardia: A case report.

Background: Missense mutations in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channel 4 (HCN4) are one of the genetic causes of cardiac sinus bradycardia.

Objective: To investigate possible HCN4 channel mutation in a young patient with profound sinus bradycardia.

Methods: Direct sequencing of and whole-exome sequencing were performed on DNA samples from the indexed patient (P), the patient's son (PS), and a family unrelated healthy long-distance running volunteer (V).