Ferric Citrate Hydrate Has Little Impact on Hyperplasia of Enterochromaffin Cells in the Rat Small Intestine Compared to Sodium Ferrous Citrate.

Introduction: The most detrimental factor preventing the use of oral iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia is gastrointestinal side effects accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Anorexia is a known secondary effect of nausea and vomiting. The important gastrointestinal signaling molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is critically involved in not only physiological function but also nausea and vomiting.

Intravenous ferric derisomaltose versus saccharated ferric oxide for iron deficiency anemia associated with menorrhagia: a randomized, open-label, active-controlled, noninferiority study.

A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric derisomaltose (FDI) versus saccharated ferric oxide (SFO) in Japanese patients with iron deficiency anemia associated with menorrhagia. FDI can be administered as a single dose up to 1000 mg, whereas SFO has a maximum single dose of 120 mg. The primary endpoint, which was the maximum change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline, was noninferior for the FDI group compared with the SFO group.

Diesel Soot Combustion over Mn O Catalysts with Different Morphologies: Elucidating the Role of Active Oxygen Species in Soot Combustion.

Catalytic diesel soot combustion was examined using a series of Mn O catalysts with different morphologies, including plate, prism, hollow spheres and powders. The plate-shaped Mn O (Mn O -plate) exhibited superior carbon soot combustion activity compared to the prism-shaped, hollow-structured and powdery Mn O under both tight and loose contact modes at soot combustion temperatures (T ) of 327 °C and 457 °C, respectively. Comprehensive characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and oxygen release measurements, revealed that the improved activity of Mn O -plate was mainly attributed to the high oxygen release rate of surface-adsorbed active oxygen species, which originated from oxygen vacancy sites introduced during the catalyst preparation, rather than specific surface-exposed planes.