Ion permeability profiles of renal paracellular channel-forming claudins.

Aim: Members of the claudin protein family are the major constituents of tight junction strands and determine the permeability properties of the paracellular pathway. In the kidney, each nephron segment expresses a distinct subset of claudins that form either barriers against paracellular solute transport or charge- and size-selective paracellular channels. It was the aim of the present study to determine and compare the permeation properties of these renal paracellular ion channel-forming claudins.

Large-scale network mechanisms underlying postoperative cognitive improvement after spine surgery.

Background: The outcome of major surgery is determined not only by the success of the procedure itself but also by its neurocognitive effects. We previously reported improved cognition following spine surgery (Müller et al. 2023 Spine), but the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown.

Neuronavigated Focalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Administered During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that allows the modulation of the excitability and plasticity of the human brain. Focalized tDCS setups use specific electrode arrangements to constrain the current flow to circumscribed brain regions. However, the effectiveness of focalized tDCS can be compromised by electrode positioning errors on the scalp, resulting in significant reductions of the current dose reaching the target brain regions for tDCS.

Prolonged and repeated microemboli detection in acute ischemic stroke - The Norwegian Microemboli in Acute Stroke Study (NOR-MASS).

Objectives: Cerebral microemboli can be detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring (TCDM) and may elucidate stroke etiology, the effect of preventive therapy, and the risk of stroke recurrence. Microemboli detection is usually performed for up to 60 minutes, but due to temporal variability, microembolization may be missed if the monitoring time is too short. We aimed to assess the time course of microembolization in acute ischemic stroke and explore the utility of prolonged and repeated microemboli detection.