Axonal Growth and Fasciculation of Spinal Neurons Promoted by Aldynoglia in Alkaline Fibrin Hydrogel: Influence of Tol-51 Sulfoglycolipid.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) has complex pathophysiological events that begin after the initial trauma. One such event is fibroglial scar formation by fibroblasts and reactive astrocytes. A strong inhibition of axonal growth is caused by the activated astroglial cells as a component of fibroglial scarring through the production of inhibitory molecules, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans or myelin-associated proteins.

Transplantation of Predegenerated Peripheral Nerves after Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Rats: Effect of Neural Precursor Cells and Pharmacological Treatment with the Sulfoglycolipid Tol-51.

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) is severely limited by the failure of axonal regeneration. The regeneration of CNS axons has been shown to occur by grafting predegenerated peripheral nerves (PPNs) and to be promoted by the transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). The introduction of a combinatorial treatment of PPNs and NPCs after SCI has to address the additional problem of glial scar formation, which prevents regenerating axons from leaving the implant and making functional connections.

Fast and Sustained Axonal Growth by BDNF Released from Chitosan Microspheres.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates dendritic branching and dendritic spine morphology, as well as synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Consequently, BDNF deficiency has been associated with some neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Huntington's diseases. In contrast, elevated BDNF levels correlate with recovery after traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries.

Chitosan sulfate-lysozyme hybrid hydrogels as platforms with fine-tuned degradability and sustained inherent antibiotic and antioxidant activities.

The control of the properties and biological activities of chitosan-lysozyme hybrid hydrogels to exploit their interesting biomedical applications depends largely on the chitosan acetylation pattern, a difficult parameter to control. Herein, we have prepared sulfated chitosan-lysozyme hydrogels as versatile platforms with fine-tuned degradability and persistent bactericidal and antioxidant properties. The use of chitosan sulfates instead of chitosan has the advantage that the rate and mechanisms of lysozyme release, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant activities, depend on the sulfation profile, a structural parameter that is easily controlled by simple chemical modifications.

Preparation and Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Loaded Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate/Alginate Microspheres against .

Although aminoglycosides are one of the common classes of antibiotics that have been widely used for treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, the evolution of bacterial resistance mechanisms and their inherent toxicity have diminished their applicability. Biocompatible carrier systems can help sustain and control the delivery of antibacterial compounds while reducing the chances of antibacterial resistance or accumulation in unwanted tissues. In this study, novel chitosan gel beads were synthesized by a double ionic co-crosslinking mechanism.