Erythrocytapheresis as a strategy to manage anemia and iron overload in nondeletional hemoglobin H disease.

Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is associated with anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron overload. We report a case of a patient with HbH/Hb Constant Spring disease, who was maintained on chronic transfusions as an adult due to symptomatic anemia. Over time, he developed iron overload and was started on chelation therapy but did not have an adequate response to chelation.

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Adventitious Roots of Pers. Seedlings Grown with Auxin/Cytokinin.

The spatial-temporal dynamics of an in vitro radicular system of for the development of rhizofiltration technologies, with the potential for use as a phytotreatment of eutrophicated water, were studied for the first time in the roots of seedlings and in rhizotron systems. The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (AIA) in combination with kinetin (CIN) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on seedlings cultivated in the light and dark in three radicular systems and in a rhizotrophic regime for the screening of dynamic rhizogenic lines, by weekly allometric measurements of the length and number of roots, were studied. Inhibition of the elongation and branching velocities of roots by BAP and light was observed but CIN increased elongation and branching.

Distribution and habitat of the painted tree rat (Callistomys pictus): Evaluating areas for future surveys and conservation efforts.

Knowledge of the potential distribution and locations of poorly known threatened species is crucial for guiding conservation strategies and new field surveys. The painted tree-rat (Callistomys pictus) is a monospecific, rare, and endangered echimyid rodent endemic to the southern Bahia Atlantic Forest in Brazil. There have been no records of the species published in the last 20 years, and the region has experienced significant forest loss and degradation.

Navigating the Uncertainty of B3 Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Challenges and Evolving Management Strategies.

B3 breast lesions, classified as lesions of uncertain malignant potential, present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their heterogeneous nature and variable risk of progression to malignancy. These lesions, which include atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), papillary lesions (PLs), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), radial scars (RSs), lobular neoplasia (LN), and phyllodes tumors (PTs), occupy a "grey zone" between benign and malignant pathologies, making their management complex and often controversial. This article explores the diagnostic difficulties associated with B3 lesions, focusing on the limitations of current imaging techniques, including mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the challenges in histopathological interpretation.

Autoimmunity against cytokines: Double strike in autoimmune disease, a historical perspective.

Autoimmune responses are characterized by the development of antibodies and the activation of T lymphocytes against self-antigens. This leads to an effector immune response against tissues expressing antigens, which are later recognized by the host immune system. Host antigens attacked by antibodies are called "autoantigens" and are of different kinds, including receptors, enzymes, and channel proteins.