Reprint of "Beverages containing low energy sweeteners do not differ from water in their effects on appetite, energy intake and food choices in healthy, non-obese French adults".

The usefulness of replacement of caloric sugars by low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) for weight management has been questioned on the grounds that the uncoupling of LCS sweet taste and dietary energy may confuse physiological mechanisms, leading potentially to higher energy and sugar intake. The aim of the present study was to determine whether LCS beverages compared to water, when consumed with meals, differ in their effects on energy and food intake in acute trials and after long-term habituation. Ad libitum food intake of 166 (80 women; 86 men) healthy non-obese adults (BMI between 19 and 28 kg/m), infrequent consumers of LCS was measured in four 2-consecutive-day testing sessions (Day 1 in the laboratory, Day 2 free-living).

Beverages containing low energy sweeteners do not differ from water in their effects on appetite, energy intake and food choices in healthy, non-obese French adults.

The usefulness of replacement of caloric sugars by low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) for weight management has been questioned on the grounds that the uncoupling of LCS sweet taste and dietary energy may confuse physiological mechanisms, leading potentially to higher energy and sugar intake. The aim of the present study was to determine whether LCS beverages compared to water, when consumed with meals, differ in their effects on energy and food intake in acute trials and after long-term habituation. Ad libitum food intake of 166 (80 women; 86 men) healthy non-obese adults (BMI between 19 and 28 kg/m2), infrequent consumers of LCS was measured in four 2-consecutive-day testing sessions (Day 1 in the laboratory, Day 2 free-living).

Resonant effects in compound diffraction gratings: Influence of the geometrical parameters of the surface.

We explore and discuss the influence of the geometrical parameters of a compound diffraction grating on the generation of pi resonances, which appear when the surface is illuminated by a p-polarized plane wave. We consider a grating with rectangular grooves, and analyze the evolution of pi resonances when depth, width, distance between grooves, and period of the grating are varied. In particular, we performed a detailed study for a grating with five grooves per period, and found that there are certain values of the geometrical parameters that optimize the enhancement of the electromagnetic field inside the corrugations.

Refugee children in Canada: searching for identity.

Canada is providing a new home to refugees from around the globe, who have left their countries of origin because of persecution and are seeking safety elsewhere. These families bring with them myriad stresses arising from their migration. Child refugees, in particular, have special needs that must be considered--trauma from witnessing violent crimes, language difficulties, family disruption, and adjustment to a different culture--in addition to the challenges that accompany childhood and growing up.

Resonant effects in periodic gratings comprising a finite number of grooves in each period.

We give numerical evidence of a kind of resonance that appears in infinite perfectly conducting gratings comprising a finite number of grooves in each period when illuminated by a normally incident p-polarized plane wave. This phenomenon is intimately connected with the particular distribution of the phase of the electromagnetic field inside the cavities, which is automatically generated by waves of certain resonant wavelengths. The resonances appear as sharp peaks in the specularly reflected efficiency and are accompanied by a significant intensification of the interior field.