Prenatal Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome Mosaicism: A Case Report.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder affecting females characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome. The pathogenesis of Turner syndrome primarily arises from chromosomal nondisjunction during gametogenesis, leading to various genotypic presentations. The most common genotype is 45, XO, representing a monosomy of the X chromosome.

Prenatal Clinical Presentation and Genetic Analysis of Partial Trisomy 12: A Case Report.

Trisomy 12 is a rare chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 12 in some or all cells. This condition can present with a variety of phenotypic manifestations, depending on the extent of mosaicism and the specific genes involved. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 12 is challenging due to its variable presentation and potential overlap with other chromosomal abnormalities.

Novel Variation in the External Carotid Artery: Implications for Clinical and Surgical Practice.

The external carotid artery (ECA) is a major branched artery that supplies head and neck structures. An undocumented variation of the ECA was discovered during cadaveric dissection of the anterolateral cervical region, in which a common origin for the ascending pharyngeal, facial, and lingual arteries was identified. In addition, bilateral, duplicate ascending pharyngeal arteries (APAs) were identified at the aforementioned common trunk and the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries.