Bone loss and new vertebral fractures during treatment with romosozumab: a case-report.

Purpose: This study aimed to illustrate the possibility of an unfavorable response to treatment with the anabolic agent romosozumab for patients with severe osteoporosis and to discuss explanations for treatment failure.

Methods: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) including vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) and X-rays of the thoracolumbar spine was used to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and the presence of vertebral fractures before and after treatment with romosozumab.

Results: Our patient developed a decrease in the BMD of the hip, two incident new vertebral fractures, and worsening of one prevalent vertebral fracture during 1 year treatment with romosozumab.

Hepatic Fibrosis Evaluated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and particularly liver fibrosis, has been suggested as a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given that NAFLD affects every fourth person globally, better insight is needed. Our aim was to investigate the association between hepatic fibrosis and CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare different methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in this study population.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is suggested as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence of NAFLD is rising globally in parallel to the increasing incidences of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes remains the leading cause of CKD, but the co-existence of NAFLD, CKD, and type 2 diabetes is not well elucidated.

Add-On MEmaNtine to Dopamine Antagonism to Improve Negative Symptoms at First Psychosis- the AMEND Trial Protocol.

Background: Antipsychotic drugs are primarily efficacious in treating positive symptoms by blocking the dopamine D2 receptor, but they fail to substantially improve negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. The limited efficacy may be attributed to the fact that the pathophysiology of psychosis involves multiple neurotransmitter systems. In patients with chronic schizophrenia, memantine, a non-competitive glutamatergic NMDA receptor antagonist, shows promise for ameliorating negative symptoms and improving cognition.