From ctenophores to scyphozoans: parasitic spillover of a burrowing sea anemone.

Most host-parasite associations are explained by phylogenetically conservative capabilities for host utilization, and therefore parasite switches between distantly related hosts are rare. Here we report the first evidence of a parasitic spillover of the burrowing sea anemone Edwardsiella carnea from the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi to two scyphozoan hosts: the native Mediterranean barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo and the invasive Indo-Pacific nomad jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica, collected from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Edwardsiella carnea planulae found in these jellyfish were identified using molecular analyses of the mitochondrial 16S and nuclear 18S rRNA genes.

First Clarkforkian equivalent Land Mammal Age in the latest Paleocene basal Sparnacian facies of Europe: fauna, flora, paleoenvironment and (bio)stratigraphy.

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is correlated with the first occurrences of earliest modern mammals in the Northern Hemisphere. The latest Paleocene Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age, that has yielded rodents and carnivorans, is the only exception to this rule. However, until now no pre-PETM localities have yielded modern mammals in Europe or Asia.

[Role of NO/cGMP signaling cascade in the development of opium dependency].

This study was aimed at evaluating the role of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade in mechanisms of morphine dependency formation. Morphine was introduced by intraperitoneal (i.p.

[Recombinant non-structural 3A, 3B and 3AB proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus: use for differentiation of vaccinated and infected cattle].

Recombinant proteins 3A, 3B and 3AB were obtained by expression in Escherichia coli and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. The proteins were used as antigens in indirect ELISA to differentiate vaccinated and infected cattle. While testing 200 sera from cattle 3A-ELISA was more sensitive and specific than 3B- and 3AB-ELISA.

[Pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats: whether neurodegeneration is associated with manifestations of seizure activity?].

Structural changes in neurons and oxidative stress in hippocampus were studied in rats "tolerant" (TR) and susceptible (SR) to tonic and clonic seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling. The number of normal neurons was significantly decreased in CA1 subfield of TR hippocampus after 11 injections of PTZ, while in SR neuronal cell loss was evident in CA1 and fascia dentata. In both groups, neuronal cell loss was accompanied by increase in damaged neuron number in CA4 subfield.