Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Multiple General Anesthetic Exposures before 5 Years of Age: A Cohort Study.

Background: The general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS) trial demonstrated evidence that most neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 and 5 yr of age in infants who received a single general anesthetic for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were clinically equivalent when compared to infants who did not receive general anesthesia. More than 20% of the children in the trial had at least one subsequent anesthetic exposure after their initial surgery. Using the GAS database, this study aimed to address whether multiple (two or more) general anesthetic exposures compared to one or no general anesthetic exposure in early childhood were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 yr.

Protocol for an embedded randomised controlled trial of Early versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in children with Febrile Neutropenia (ELSA-FN).

In children with cancer, febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications of treatment, a leading cause of unplanned and prolonged hospital admission and is the key driver of antibiotic exposure. Co-designed with key stakeholders, 'Early versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in high-risk FN' (ELSA-FN) is a randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial that compares stopping antibiotics in clinically stable patients after 48 hours with the current standard of care, continuing antibiotics until absolute neutrophil recovery. As an Australian first, we will exploit the potential of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, embedding all key aspects of the trial including screening, consent, randomisation and data collection into standard clinical and EMR workflows.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Multiple General Anaesthetic Exposure Before Five Years Of Age - A Cohort Study.

Background: The GAS trial demonstrated evidence that most neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years and 5 years of age in infants who received a single general anaesthetic (GA) for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were clinically equivalent when compared to infants who did not receive GA. More than 20% of the children in the trial had at least one subsequent anaesthetic exposure after their initial surgery. Using the GAS database, this study aimed to address whether multiple (2 or more) GA exposures compared to one or no GA exposure in early childhood were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years.

Goal-Directed Rehabilitation Versus Standard Care for Individuals with Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial.

Objective: Rehabilitation is thought to reduce ataxia severity in individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA). This multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial aimed to examine the efficacy of a 30-week goal-directed rehabilitation program compared with 30 weeks of standard care on function, ataxia, health-related quality of life, and balance in individuals with an HCA.

Methods: Individuals with an autosomal dominant or recessive ataxia (aged ≥15 years) were enrolled at 5 sites in Australia.

Ivermectin-Based Mass Drug Administration for Scabies in Northern India: A Single-Arm Community Intervention Trial.

Background: Scabies and impetigo cause direct health effects and contribute to severe infectious and immune-mediated complications. Ivermectin-based mass drug administration can reduce scabies and impetigo prevalence in island settings with high prevalence, but the effectiveness in moderate-prevalence settings is not known.

Methods: We conducted a single-arm, before-after community intervention trial.