Data Veracity of Patients and Health Consumers Reported Adverse Drug Reactions on Twitter: Key Linguistic Features, Twitter Variables, and Association Rules.

As Twitter emerged as an important data source for pharmacovigilance, heterogeneous data veracity becomes a major concern for extracted adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Our objective is to categorize different levels of data veracity and explore linguistic features of tweets and Twitter variables as they may be used for automatic screening high-veracity tweets that contain ADR-related information. We annotated a published Twitter corpus with linguistic features from existing studies and clinical experts.

Pulmonary toxicity of nickel subsulfide in F344/N rats exposed for 1-22 days.

Repeated inhalation of nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) by F344/N rats for 3 months results in chronic active inflammation in the lung and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium. The primary purpose of this study was to determine early responses of the respiratory tract to inhaled Ni3S2 in rats and to track the course of development of such lesions in rats exposed for up to 22 days. A secondary purpose was to obtain an improved estimate of the half-time for clearance of Ni from Ni3S2-exposed lungs.

The effect of solubility on inhaled uranium compound clearance: a review.

Research on inhaled industrial uranium compounds has shown that solubility influences the target organ, the toxic response, and the mode of uranium excretion. Consideration of physical chemical properties indicates that the dissolution of industrial uranium oxides is expected to be strongly dependent on process history, and that dissolved uranium exists in vivo in the hexavalent state regardless of the oxidation state of the inhaled compound. The overall clearance rate of uranium compounds from the lung reflects both mechanical and dissolution processes.

Thirteen-week, repeated inhalation exposure of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to ferrocene.

Ferrocene (dicyclopentadienyl iron; CAS No. 102-54-5) is a relatively volatile compound used as a chemical intermediate, a catalyst, and an antiknock additive in gasoline. This organometallic chemical is of particular interest because of its structural similarities to other metallocenes, some of which are carcinogenic.

Effect of dose on the metabolism of 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in F344/N rats after gavage administration.

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromo[U-14C]ethane ([14C]TBE) was used to study the metabolism of TBE in rats. Three graded doses of TBE (1.17, 13.