[Glucocorticoid-resistant forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy].

Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO; also called Graves' ophthalmopathy, thyroid eye disease) is a common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, characterized by the presence of autoimmune inflammatory process in the orbital soft tissues. The prevalence of EO is approximately 10 cases per 10.000 population, higher in individuals over 50 years old.

[Epigenetic markers of choroidal melanoma].

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides in length) that are important participants in the regulation of gene expression. In 2003, their active role in oncogenesis was demonstrated. In 2008, the first report on the isolation of miRNAs from uveal melanoma (UM) tissue was published.

[Transformation of choroidal nevus into melanoma].

Unlabelled: The risk of choroidal melanoma developing from choroidal nevus (CN) varies in range of 0.78-7%. Absence of a common terminology and distinct diagnostic criteria characterizing small melanoma and unusual CN often complicates treatment choice and patient prognosis.

[Protocol of intravitreal drug delivery. Consensus of the Expert Counsil of Retina and Optic Nerve Diseases of the All-Russian Public Organasation «Association of Ophthalmologists»].

Intravitreal drug administration is a procedure that has become widespread in modern ophthalmology. However, there is no global consensus on certain aspects of this manipulation, and practitioners feel the need for guidelines. In the Russian Federation, until now, such a document was not available.

[Influence of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and NR3C1 genes polymorphism on the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy].

Unlabelled: For more than 60 years, glucocorticoid therapy has been practically the only method for treating patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy - non-specific autoimmune inflammation of the soft tissues of the orbit. Steroid-resistant forms of this disease are known to exist. The reasons for the formation of glucocorticoid resistance are not fully understood yet.