Action inflexibility and compulsive-like behavior accompany neurobiological alterations in the anterior orbitofrontal cortex and associated striatal nuclei.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a large cortical structure, expansive across anterior-posterior axes. It is essential for flexibly updating learned behaviors, and paradoxically, also implicated in inflexible and compulsive-like behaviors. Here, we investigated mice bred to display inflexible reward-seeking behaviors that are insensitive to action consequences.

"Atlanta Is Like Wakanda… but With Real Big, Big Issues": A Focus Group Study of Community Strengths and Health Issues in Diverse Groups in Atlanta, Georgia.

Background And Objectives: This qualitative study explored perceived community strengths and health issues among 3 underserved and under-studied populations in the Atlanta, Georgia-older adults, Black or African American persons, and refugees/immigrants/migrants.

Methods: Eight focus groups were conducted with 92 participants who were members of the 3 populations in Atlanta between November 2022 and March 2023.

Results: Although there were variations among groups, all groups emphasized diversity within their community as the foundation of community strength.

Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Burden in Patients With Lower Household Incomes vs Higher Household Incomes.

To assess the differences in measures of diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease burden between patients in high-income vs low-income ZIP codes when presenting to retina specialists. This retrospective cohort study comprised patients who presented to a retina specialist at Duke Eye Center between 2014 and 2023 for the management of DR. The quartile of patients with the highest income was compared with the quartile with the lowest income.

MnSOD Mimetics in Therapy: Exploring Their Role in Combating Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are double-edged swords in biological systems-they are essential for normal cellular functions but can cause damage when accumulated due to oxidative stress. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), located in the mitochondrial matrix, is a key enzyme that neutralizes superoxide radicals (O), maintaining cellular redox balance and integrity. This review examines the development and therapeutic potential of MnSOD mimetics-synthetic compounds designed to replicate MnSOD's antioxidant activity.