Acoustic monitoring of coastal dolphins and their response to naval mine neutralization exercises.

To investigate the potential impacts of naval mine neutralization exercises (MINEX) on odontocete cetaceans, a long-term passive acoustic monitoring study was conducted at a US Navy training range near Virginia Beach, USA. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders were deployed in 2012-2016 near the epicentre of MINEX training activity and were refurbished every 2-4 months. Recordings were analysed for the daily presence/absence of dolphins, and dolphin acoustic activity was quantified in detail for the hours and days before and after 31 MINEX training events.

Protein-structure-based prediction of animal model suitability for pharmacodynamic studies of subtype-selective estrogens.

Subtype-selective estrogens are of increasing importance as tools used to unravel physiological roles of the estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, in various species. Although human ERalpha and ERbeta differ by only two amino acids within the binding pockets, we and others recently succeeded in generating subtype-selective agonists. We have proposed that the selectivity of the steroidal compounds 16alpha-lactone-estradiol (16alpha-LE(2), hERalpha selective) and 8beta-vinyl-estradiol (8beta-VE(2), hERbeta selective) is based on the interaction of certain substituents of these compounds with essentially one amino acid in the respective ER binding pockets.

Sexual dimorphism of steroid hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression and hormonal regulation in rat vascular tissue.

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that steroid hormones have a direct effect on the vascular system. Of special interest is the protective effect of estrogens against cardiovascular diseases. One of the aims of the present study was to investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the five classic steroid hormone receptors in the great vessels of the rat (aorta, vena cava, and vena portae) to provide a basis to analyze direct steroid effects on vascular tissue.