Blueberry juice augments exercise-induced neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease model through modulation of GDNF levels.

Exercise and consumption of plant-based foods rich in polyphenols are attractive therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies, however, have examined the neuroprotective efficacy of combining these treatment modalities against PD. Therefore we investigated whether combining voluntary running and consumption of blueberry juice (BBJ) was more efficacious against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity than either treatment alone.

Are Guidelines Important? Results of a Prospective Quality Improvement Lumbar Fusion Project.

Background: United States (U.S.) healthcare is a volume-based inefficient delivery system.

Using a tree diagram to interpret a mixed DNA profile.

A recent case is described where the evidence of bloodstaining on a knife suggested that it was a mixture from the two victims. Interpretation of the evidence in this problem necessitated the formulation of several sets of multiple hypotheses which were analyzed by means of a tree diagram. The problem was then greatly simplified to one of comparing the two alternative hypotheses of most interest.

The relationship between follicle diameter, fertilization rate, and microscopic embryo quality.

The diameter of preovulatory ovarian follicles was measured at the time of transvaginal US-guided oocyte retrieval, and the oocytes were subsequently examined to assess fertilization rates and the quality of developing embryos. With follicles divided into three groups of increasing diameter, there were no significant differences in the fertilization rates of oocytes recovered from follicles of different size. Embryo quality improved with increasing follicle size, although the differences were not highly significant.