Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal smears, fecal PCR and serum ELISA for detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in four domestic ruminant species in Saudi Arabia.

Paratuberculosis, a chronic wasting disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Various diagnostic tests exist for detecting MAP infection; however, none of them possess perfect accuracy to be qualified as a reference standard test, particularly due to their notably low sensitivity.

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Impacts of Purple and White Eggplants on Fertility and Expression of Fertility-Related Genes in Rats Treated With Aluminum Chloride.

The environmental xenobiotic aluminum chloride (AlCl) destroys reproduction via free radicals. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of purple and white eggplant on rat fertility when exposed to AlCl. A total of 36 male albino rats were divided into six groups: a negative control, the second given AlCl (17 mg/kg b.

Mechanistic Assessment of Anise Seeds and Clove Buds against the Neurotoxicity Caused by Metronidazole in Rats: Possible Role of Antioxidants, Neurotransmitters, and Cytokines.

Long-term use of the nitroimidazole-derived antibiotic metronidazole has been associated with neuronal damage due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Polyphenol-rich plants, such as anise seeds and clove buds, are suggested to have neuroprotective effects. However, their intracellular protective pathway against metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity remains unexplored.

Assessment of Anti-Alzheimer Pursuit of Jambolan Fruit Extract and/or Choline against AlCl Toxicity in Rats.

Jambolan fruit extract and choline were investigated for Aluminum tri chloride (AlCl)-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. Thirty-six male "Sprague Dawley" rats weighing (150 ± 10 g) were allocated into six groups; the first group was fed a baseline diet and served as a negative control. Alzheimer's disease (AD) was induced in Group 2 rats by oral administration of AlCl (17 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in distilled water (served as a positive control).

Liver tissues oxidative status, epigenetic and molecular characteristics in rats administered magnetic and microwave treated water.

Physical and chemical changes in the natural of water may affect biological organisms. In this study, we highlight the effect of magnetized-water and microwave-water on rats' liver tissues. Three groups of albino rats were separated.