Flagellin Activates the Intracellular NLRC4 Inflammasome.

(), is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea and colitis. flagellin FliC contributes toxins to gut inflammation by interacting with the immune Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Flagella of intracellular pathogens can activate the NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome pathway.

A dye-affinity cryogel membrane for malate dehydrogenase purification from .

Cibacron blue F3GA functionalized poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel membranes were prepared and applied for a simple purification of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from crude extract of . Swelling tests, scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques were used for the characterization of dye-affinity cryogel membranes. Following cell homogenization and extraction, MDH was purified using the dye-affinity cryogel membranes at a high yield of 80.

Synthesis of hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-(L)-histidine methyl ester cryogels. Application on the separation of bovine immunoglobulin G.

In this study cryogels based 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) functionalized with N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MAH) were synthesized and used for the adsorption and separation of bovine IgG. Two series of cryogels functionalized with 5 and 10 mg of MAH as pseudobioaffinity ligand were prepared and characterized by swelling test, FTIR and SEM analysis. The adsorption efficiency of the bovine immunoglobulin into cryogels is discussed with respect to the following chromatographic parameters: pH, flow rate, initial IgG concentration, adsorption time and ionic strength.

Enzyme-Initiated Free-Radical Polymerization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanogels on a Solid Phase with an Immobilized Radical Source.

An enzyme-mediated synthetic approach is described for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) in aqueous media. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to initiate the polymerization of methacrylate or vinyl monomers and cross-linkers by catalyzing the generation of free radicals. To prevent entrapment of the enzyme in the cross-linked polymer, and to enable it to be reused, HRP was immobilized on a solid support.

[PHEMA/PEI]-Cu(II) based immobilized metal affinity chromatography cryogels: Application on the separation of IgG from human plasma.

The immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) has gained significant interest as a widespread separation and purification tool for therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules. The enormous potential of IMAC for proteins with natural surface exposed-histidine residues and for recombinant proteins with histidine clusters. Cryogels as monolithic materials have recently been proposed as promising chromatographic adsorbents for the separation of biomolecules in downstream processing.