Injustice, quality of life, and psychiatric symptoms in people with migraine.

Objective: To describe and examine the relationships between perceived injustice, quality of life (QoL), and psychiatric symptoms through a mixed-methods, cross-sectional observational study design in people with migraine.

Method: Participants completed a series of online quantitative questionnaires, including the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). Then, 10 participants took part in qualitative phenomenological interviews.

"Throwing the dice": pregnancy decision-making among HIV-positive women in four U.S. cities.

Context: Although AIDS-related deaths among U.S. women have decreased, the number of HIV-positive women, especially of reproductive age, has increased.

Adherence to medication treatment: a qualitative study of facilitators and barriers among a diverse sample of HIV+ men and women in four US cities.

Most studies examining HIV antiretroviral medication treatment adherence involve quantitative surveys. Although these studies have identified factors associated with medical adherence, no single variable or combination of variables is sufficiently consistent to apply to any individual or group of people. Using qualitative methods, an ethnically diverse sample (N=110) of HIV+ women, men who have sex with men, and male injecting drug users in four U.

The female condom: attitudes and experiences among HIV-positive heterosexual women and men.

The female condom is a potentially effective method for the prevention of HIV, other sexually transmitted disease, and pregnancy. This study describes attitudes toward and experiences with the female condom of 89 HIV-positive individuals (n = 56 women; n = 33 men) reporting heterosexual behavior. Qualitative interviews were conducted to inform the design and implementation of a cognitive-behavioral risk-reduction and health-promotion intervention.

Escalated substance use: a longitudinal grouping analysis from early to middle adolescence.

The authors surveyed a cohort of 1,184 adolescents in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades. Measures of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and of constructs from 3 theoretical models of substance use were obtained at each point. Clustering analysis for 3-wave substance use data indicated subgroups of nonusers, minimal experimenters, late starters, and escalators.