Phylogenetic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains longitudinally isolated from broiler breeder flocks vaccinated with autogenous vaccine.

Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial cause of infections in poultry farms. It is known for its genetic heterogenicity that complicates the protection of poultry health through immunoprophylaxis. In farms with continuous problems with colibacillosis, autogenous E.

[Military medical examination in case of the central retinopathy].

The scheme of the mechanism of degeneration, which allows you to understand the underlying pathogenesis and in the future can be used to assign adequate treatment: antiviral, suspension of cholesterol deposition in retinal layers, the use of drugs against chronic neovascularization, etc. The questions of the military- medical examination for determining of fitness for military service.personnel with retinal disorders caused by age-related degeneration are discussed.

The effect of rubber flooring on displaying stereotypies in gilts.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rubber mats in service unit on displaying stereotypies in gilts. Four 28-day production cycles in all seasons were observed. Each cycle included 28 gilts housed in gestation stalls with slatted concrete floor, which was covered with adjusted mats for 14 gilts (experimental group), while the remaining 14 gilts served as controls.