Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza cases and hospitalizations in Northern Spain, 2023/24 season: A population-based test-negative case-control study.

Objective: We estimated the influenza vaccination effectiveness (IVE) in preventing medical consultations and hospitalizations due to influenza during the 2023/24 season.

Methods: Two test-negative case-control studies analyzed patients who consulted primary healthcare or were hospitalized for respiratory symptoms and were tested for influenza by PCR in the 2023/24 season in Navarre, Spain. Influenza vaccination status in the current and previous seasons was compared between confirmed influenza cases and test-negative controls.

Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap: Subfascial Flap Dissection in a Case of Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction.

Total avulsion of the scalp represents a therapeutic challenge with no consensus nowadays. Currently, microsurgical reimplantation is the reconstructive procedure of choice, but in case it is not feasible, the literature does not define an ideal treatment for an immediate reconstruction. We present the case of an 18-year-old woman with total avulsion of the scalp and forehead skin without possibility of reimplantation.

Comparing Cost and Acceptability of Two Instruments to Measure Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Older People in Chile.

Introduction: Population aging and increasing long-term care needs call for designing and implementing better tools for assessing functional ability. In Chile, the Lawton and Brody (L&B) scale is used for identifying limitations with instrumental activities. This study compared the costs and acceptability of the L&B with a new instrument to measure instrumental activities of daily living (IADL): the Instrument for the Assessment of Functionality Stages (Instrumento de Evaluación de Estadios de Funcionalidad; IDEEF).

Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth.

Hypoallometric (slope<1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate is directly proportional to leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the volume of the metabolically active sapwood (VMASW).