The role of ethical principles in health care and the implications for ethical codes.

A common ethical code for everybody involved in health care is desirable, but there are important limitations to the role such a code could play. In order to understand these limitations the approach to ethics using principles and their application to medicine is discussed, and in particular the implications of their being prima facie. The expectation of what an ethical code can do changes depending on how ethical properties in general are understood.

A brief history of the International Psychoanalytical Association.

Originally prepared as part of the background material for an International Psychoanalytical Association Symposium devoted to a critical consideration and review of the structure and functioning of the IPA in 1988, this paper uses sources within the IPA's Archives to trace the key developments in their history since their foundation in 1910. An addendum provides some details of similar developments from 1985 to the present.

Creativity and the third age.

The paper discusses aspects of the creative process in the elderly and, indeed, in the old. After a definition of the third age, the writer goes on to discuss the nature and aims of creativity. Particular attention is paid to the roles of sexuality, regression in the service of the ego, narcissism, sublimation, the depressive position and reparation.