The DCIDE framework: systematic investigation of evolutionary hypotheses, exemplified with autism.

Evolutionary explanations of mental disorders are a longstanding aim of evolutionary psychiatry, but have suffered from complexities including within-disorder heterogeneity and environmental effects of contemporary societies obscuring possible ancestral functions. Studying the relevant processes of human evolution directly is not possible, so hypotheses have remained speculative, exaggerating "just-so storytelling" critiques. This is despite significant evidence existing in genetics, neuroscience and epidemiology, all of which bears some inferential relevance to evolutionary hypotheses, but which is often not marshalled in a systematic way.

The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese adult subjects.

Aims: GZR18, a novel long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated substantial metabolic improvements in diabetic and obese animal models. The present studies aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the ascending dose of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese subjects.

Materials And Methods: In these phases 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential, dose-escalation US and Chinese studies, healthy American and Chinese adults with similar age were enrolled to once-weekly subcutaneous injection of GZR18 or placebo.

Clinical prediction model for transition to psychosis in individuals meeting At Risk Mental State criteria.

Background: The At Risk Mental State (ARMS) (also known as the Ultra or Clinical High Risk) criteria identify individuals at high risk for psychotic disorder. However, there is a need to improve prediction as only about 18% of individuals meeting these criteria develop a psychosis with 12-months. We have developed and internally validated a prediction model using characteristics that could be used in routine practice.

Revisiting CPSF30-mediated alternative polyadenylation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important contributor to the regulation of gene expression in plants. One subunit of the complex that cleaves and polyadenylates mRNAs in the nucleus, CPSF30 (for the 30 kD subunit of the mammalian Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor), has been implicated in a wide-ranging network of regulatory events. CPSF30 plays roles in root development, flowering time, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Nickel promotes selective ethylene epoxidation on silver.

Over the last 80 years, chlorine (Cl) has been the primary promoter of the ethylene epoxidation reaction valued at ~40 billion USD per year, providing a ~25% selectivity increase over unpromoted silver (Ag) (~55%). Promoters such as cesium, rhenium, and molybdenum each add a few percent of selectivity enhancements to achieve 90% overall, but their codependence on Cl makes optimizing and understanding their function complex. We took a theory-guided, single-atom alloy approach to identify nickel (Ni) as a dopant in Ag that can facilitate selective oxidation by activating molecular oxygen (O) without binding oxygen (O) too strongly.