Effect of Pediatric Obesity Treatment on Long-Term Health.

Importance: Data regarding the long-term impact of treating childhood obesity on the risk of obesity-related events, including premature mortality, are limited.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect of different responses to pediatric obesity treatment on critical health outcomes in young adulthood.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The study included a dynamic prospective cohort of children and adolescents with obesity within The Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS) and general population comparators, linked with national registers.

Failure of colonization following gut microbiota transfer exacerbates DSS-induced colitis.

To study the impact of differing specific pathogen-free gut microbiomes (GMs) on a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, selected GMs were transferred using embryo transfer (ET), cross-fostering (CF), and co-housing (CH). Prior work showed that the GM transfer method and the microbial composition of donor and recipient GMs can influence microbial colonization and disease phenotypes in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. When a low richness GM was transferred to a recipient with a high richness GM via CH, the donor GM failed to successfully colonize, and a more severe disease phenotype resulted when compared to ET or CF, where colonization was successful.

Feline urethral obstruction alters the urinary microbiota and comparison to oral, preputial, and rectal microbiotas.

Objective: To document differences in the microbiota of healthy cats versus cats with urethral obstruction (UO); compare the urinary microbiota with the oral, preputial, and rectal microbiota; and demonstrate that 16S rRNA gene sequencing will reveal rich and diverse urinary microbiota.

Methods: 15 client-owned cats with UO and 15 age-matched healthy cats were included from July 2020 through April 2021. Exclusion criteria were evidence of urinary tract infection, urolithiasis, antimicrobial administration, urinary catheterization in the past 30 days, or a comorbidity.

Effects of orally administered clioquinol on the fecal microbiome of horses.

Background: Whereas restoration of fecal consistency after treatment with clioquinol for chronic diarrhea and free fecal water syndrome has been attributed to its antiprotozoal properties, actions of clioquinol on the colonic bacterial microbiota have not been investigated.

Objectives: Characterize the dynamics of fecal microbial diversity before, during, and after PO administration of clioquinol to healthy horses.

Study Design: Experimental prospective cohort study using a single horse group.

Supplier-origin gut microbiomes affect host body weight and select autism-related behaviors.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex human neurodiversities increasing in prevalence within the human population. In search of therapeutics to improve quality-of-life for ASD patients, the gut microbiome (GM) has become a promising target as a growing body of work supports roles for the complex community of microorganisms in influencing host behavior via the gut-brain-axis. However, whether naturally-occurring microbial diversity within the host GM affects these behaviors is often overlooked.