Challenges in managing osteogenesis imperfecta in a resource-limited setting: a case report.

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder that results in excessive bone fragility due to defects in collagen production. The majority of osteogenesis imperfecta cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and 17 genetic causes have been identified. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation and low bone mineral density scores, while treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach using medical therapies such as bisphosphonates, vitamin C, and pamidronate.

Comparative assessment of chondral defect repair using human bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adult and foetal articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes, and chondroprogenitors: an ex-vivo model.

Purpose: Cartilage repair necessitates adjunct therapies such as cell-based approaches, which commonly use MSCs and chondrocytes but is limited by the formation of fibro-hyaline cartilage. Articular cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors(CPs) offer promise in overcoming this, as they exhibit higher chondrogenic and lower hypertrophic phenotypes. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of various cell types derived from adult and foetal cartilage suspended in platelet-rich plasma(PRP) in repairing chondral defects in an Ex-vivo Osteochondral Unit(OCU) model.

Comparison of Vendor-Pretrained and Custom-Trained Deep Learning Segmentation Models for Head-and-Neck, Breast, and Prostate Cancers.

Background/objectives: We assessed the influence of local patients and clinical characteristics on the performance of commercial deep learning (DL) segmentation models for head-and-neck (HN), breast, and prostate cancers.

Methods: Clinical computed tomography (CT) scans and clinically approved contours of 210 patients (53 HN, 49 left breast, 55 right breast, and 53 prostate cancer) were used to train and validate segmentation models integrated within a vendor-supplied DL training toolkit and to assess the performance of both vendor-pretrained and custom-trained models. Four custom models (HN, left breast, right breast, and prostate) were trained and validated with 30 (training)/5 (validation) HN, 34/5 left breast, 39/5 right breast, and 30/5 prostate patients to auto-segment a total of 24 organs at risk (OARs).

Application of Gagné's Instructional Design in Clinical Simulation: Enhancing Learning in Obstetric Emergency Management.

Introduction: Simulation-based learning is a critical component in medical education, particularly for high-risk scenarios like obstetric emergencies. This study utilized Gagné's nine-step instructional model to design and evaluate a clinical simulation session on postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management for fourth-year medical students.

Methods: The session was structured using Gagné's instructional events, including engaging case vignettes, multimedia presentations, guided practical activities, and immediate feedback.

Association between vascular endothelial growth factor and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increasingly recognized for its potential role in the pathogenesis of AF through mechanisms involving atrial remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. This systematic review aims to synthesize available evidence on the association between VEGF and AF, exploring the implications of VEGF as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until November 10 2024, selecting studies based on pre-defined criteria that involve adults with AF and measurements of VEGF levels.