Molecular Decoration and Unconventional Double Bond Migration in Irumamycin Biosynthesis.

Irumamycin (Iru) is a complex polyketide with pronounced antifungal activity produced by a type I polyketide (PKS) synthase. Iru features a unique hemiketal ring and an epoxide group, making its biosynthesis and the structural diversity of related compounds particularly intriguing. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) to uncover the mechanisms underlying Iru formation.

Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases.

The high comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) with other diseases has been well-documented. However, the pairwise causal connections for MDD comorbid networks are poorly characterized. We performed Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore bidirectional causal associations between MDD (N = 807,553) and 877 common diseases from FinnGen datasets (N = 377,277).

Mining Translation Inhibitors by a Unique Peptidyl-Aminonucleoside Synthetase Reveals Cystocin Biosynthesis and Self-Resistance.

Puromycin (Puro) is a natural aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by its incorporation into elongating peptide chains. The unique mechanism of Puro finds diverse applications in molecular biology, including the selection of genetically engineered cell lines, in situ protein synthesis monitoring, and studying ribosome functions. However, the key step of Puro biosynthesis remains enigmatic.

Gut microbiome's causal role in head and neck cancer: findings from mendelian randomization.

Introduction: The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis and treatment, including head and neck cancers (HNC). However, the specific microbial compositions influencing HNC and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods: This study utilized published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data-based two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to uncover the GM compositions that exert significant causal effects on HNC.

Novel Insights Into the Causal Effects and Shared Genetics Between Body Fat and Parkinson Disease.

Aims: Existing observational studies examining the effect of body fat on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate this causal relationship at the genetic level.

Methods: We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to investigate the causal effects of body fat on PD, with multiple sex-specific body fat measures being involved.