Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia.

Tularemia is a re-emerging bacterial zoonosis, broadly distributed across the northern hemisphere. In Georgia, there is a history of human tularemia outbreaks dating back to the 1940s. In response to outbreaks, health officials initiated long-term field surveillance and environmental monitoring.

Compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and risk of acute renal failure as complications of the urological surgery.

Current knowledge related to the risk of CS when operating in these positions (Lloyd Davies and Trendelenburg tilt) is such that it can be deemed negligent to keep patients in this position (with legs higher than the heart) when not absolutely necessary. If it means repositioning and redraping, thus adding a few extra minutes to the episode and costing a small amount in additional drapes, surely this is a small price to pay for excellent perioperative care? If repositioning is impossible to execute, the head-down tilt position should be reversed every two hours, for a short period of time, to allow more natural perfusion of the lower limbs to occur. Raza et al recommend that if the anticipated procedure duration is beyond four hours, the legs should be removed from supports every two hours for a short period to prevent reperfusion injury.