qU-Sniff - the development of a short version of the Universal "Sniffin' Sticks" test.

Objectives: Extensive olfactory testing is sparsely applied in pediatric patients in clinical routine especially because of its time taking nature. Therefore a 5-item odor identification test (quick "U-Sniff", "qU-Sniff") from the 12-item "U-Sniff" test was developed.

Methods: A total of 724 normosmic children between 6 and 17 years of age, divided in four age groups, were included in this retrospective study.

"U-Sniff" - the international odor identification test for children: an extension of its normative database and study of global reliability.

Background: To extend the previous study by Schriever and colleagues from 2018 providing normative data and re-investigating the reliability for U-Sniff test in children in additional countries.

Methodology: A total of 388 children (196 boys, 192 girls) from eight countries (China, Germany, Iran, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Paraguay, and Russia) participated in this study. The children were recruited from public local schools in those particular countries.

Normative data for olfactory threshold and odor identification in children and adolescents.

Objective: Although previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility and validity of olfactory testing in children and adolescents using the "Sniffin' Sticks" odor threshold and "U-Sniff" odor identification test, normative data obtained in a large sample for these tests are missing. Aim of this study was therefore to obtain normative data of healthy children and adolescents for olfactory assessment.

Material And Methods: Olfactory testing was conducted using the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory threshold (THR) and the 12-item "U-Sniff" odor identification (ID) test.

Sengers syndrome: six novel AGK mutations in seven new families and review of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of 29 patients.

Background: Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis. Mutations in the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) gene have been recently described as the cause of Sengers syndrome in nine families.

Methods: We investigated the clinical and molecular features of Sengers syndrome in seven new families; five families with the severe and two with the milder form.

Influenza A-associated rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure.

Rhabdomyolysis induced acute renal failure as a rare complication of influenza A infection has been mainly described in adults. Consideration of this potentially life-threatening complication in pediatric patients presenting with influenza is important as clinical symptoms may be unspecific and early diagnosis leading to prompt treatment is essential to decrease associated morbidity and mortality. We report a 9 year old girl who developed severe rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuric renal failure associated with influenza A virus infection.