Differential Immune Responses of Th1 Stimulatory Chimeric Antigens of in BALB/c Mice.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the third most severe infectious parasitic disease and is caused by the protozoan parasite . To control the spread of the disease in endemic areas where the asymptomatic patients act as reservoirs as well as in nonendemic areas, an effective vaccine is indispensable. In this direction, we have developed three chimeric proteins by the combination of three already known Th1 stimulatory leishmanial antigens, i.

Community perspectives on barriers to injury care in Northern Malawi: a three delays framed assessment using focus groups and photovoice.

Introduction: The global burden of injury is huge, falling disproportionately on poorer populations. The benefits of qualitative research in injury care are recognised and its application is growing. We used a novel application of focus group discussions with photovoice to rapidly assess barriers at each of three delay stages; seeking (delay-1), reaching (delay-2) or receiving (delay-3) injury care in Northern Malawi.

Controlling the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi: Results from a multi-round study.

We investigated behavioral responses to COVID-19 in Malawi, where a first wave of the pandemic occurred between June and August 2020. Contrary to many countries on the African continent, the Government of Malawi did not impose a lockdown or a stay-at-home order in response to the initial spread of SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that, in the absence of such requirements to restrict social interactions, individuals would primarily seek to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during contacts, rather than reduce the extent of their social contacts.

Insights into the cotranscriptional and translational control mechanisms of the Escherichia coli tbpA thiamin pyrophosphate riboswitch.

Riboswitches regulate gene expression by modulating their structure upon metabolite binding. These RNA orchestrate several layers of regulation to achieve genetic control. Although Escherichia coli riboswitches modulate translation initiation, several cases have been reported where riboswitches also modulate mRNA levels.

Most azole resistance mutations in the Candida albicans drug target confer cross-resistance without intrinsic fitness cost.

Azole antifungals are the main drugs used to treat fungal infections. Amino acid substitutions in the drug target Erg11 (Cyp51) are a common resistance mechanism in pathogenic yeasts. How many and which mutations confer resistance is, however, largely unknown.